security/ccsecurity/policy_io.c

/*
 * security/ccsecurity/policy_io.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005-2009  NTT DATA CORPORATION
 *
 * Version: 1.7.1-pre   2009/10/16
 *
 * This file is applicable to both 2.4.30 and 2.6.11 and later.
 * See README.ccs for ChangeLog.
 *
 */

#include "internal.h"

static struct ccs_profile ccs_default_profile = {
        .learning = &ccs_default_profile.preference,
        .permissive = &ccs_default_profile.preference,
        .enforcing = &ccs_default_profile.preference,
        .audit = &ccs_default_profile.preference,
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
        .preference.audit_max_grant_log = CONFIG_CCSECURITY_MAX_GRANT_LOG,
        .preference.audit_max_reject_log = CONFIG_CCSECURITY_MAX_REJECT_LOG,
#endif
        .preference.audit_task_info = true,
        .preference.audit_path_info = true,
        .preference.enforcing_penalty = 0,
        .preference.enforcing_verbose = true,
        .preference.learning_max_entry = CONFIG_CCSECURITY_MAX_ACCEPT_ENTRY,
        .preference.learning_verbose = false,
        .preference.learning_exec_realpath = true,
        .preference.learning_exec_argv0 = true,
        .preference.learning_symlink_target = true,
        .preference.permissive_verbose = true
};

/* Profile table. Memory is allocated as needed. */
static struct ccs_profile *ccs_profile_ptr[CCS_MAX_PROFILES];

/* Lock for protecting "struct ccs_profile"->comment  */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ccs_profile_comment_lock);

/* String table for functionality that takes 4 modes. */
static const char *ccs_mode_4[4] = {
        "disabled", "learning", "permissive", "enforcing"
};

/* String table for /proc/ccs/profile */
static const char *ccs_mac_keywords[CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX +
                                    CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX +
                                    CCS_MAX_MAC_CATEGORY_INDEX] = {
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_EXECUTE]
        = "file::execute",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_OPEN]
        = "file::open",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_CREATE]
        = "file::create",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_UNLINK]
        = "file::unlink",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_MKDIR]
        = "file::mkdir",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_RMDIR]
        = "file::rmdir",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_MKFIFO]
        = "file::mkfifo",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_MKSOCK]
        = "file::mksock",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_TRUNCATE]
        = "file::truncate",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_SYMLINK]
        = "file::symlink",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_REWRITE]
        = "file::rewrite",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_MKBLOCK]
        = "file::mkblock",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_MKCHAR]
        = "file::mkchar",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_LINK]
        = "file::link",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_RENAME]
        = "file::rename",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_CHMOD]
        = "file::chmod",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_CHOWN]
        = "file::chown",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_CHGRP]
        = "file::chgrp",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_IOCTL]
        = "file::ioctl",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_CHROOT]
        = "file::chroot",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_MOUNT]
        = "file::mount",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_UMOUNT]
        = "file::umount",
        [CCS_MAC_FILE_PIVOT_ROOT]
        = "file::pivot_root",
        [CCS_MAC_ENVIRON]
        = "misc::env",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_UDP_BIND]
        = "network::inet_udp_bind",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_UDP_CONNECT]
        = "network::inet_udp_connect",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_TCP_BIND]
        = "network::inet_tcp_bind",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_TCP_LISTEN]
        = "network::inet_tcp_listen",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_TCP_CONNECT]
        = "network::inet_tcp_connect",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_TCP_ACCEPT]
        = "network::inet_tcp_accept",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_RAW_BIND]
        = "network::inet_raw_bind",
        [CCS_MAC_NETWORK_RAW_CONNECT]
        = "network::inet_raw_connect",
        [CCS_MAC_SIGNAL]
        = "ipc::signal",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_INET_STREAM_SOCKET_CREATE]
        = "capability::inet_tcp_create",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_INET_STREAM_SOCKET_LISTEN]
        = "capability::inet_tcp_listen",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_INET_STREAM_SOCKET_CONNECT]
        = "capability::inet_tcp_connect",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_USE_INET_DGRAM_SOCKET]
        = "capability::use_inet_udp",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_USE_INET_RAW_SOCKET]
        = "capability::use_inet_ip",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_USE_ROUTE_SOCKET]
        = "capability::use_route",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_USE_PACKET_SOCKET]
        = "capability::use_packet",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_MOUNT]
        = "capability::SYS_MOUNT",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_UMOUNT]
        = "capability::SYS_UMOUNT",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_REBOOT]
        = "capability::SYS_REBOOT",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_CHROOT]
        = "capability::SYS_CHROOT",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_KILL]
        = "capability::SYS_KILL",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_VHANGUP]
        = "capability::SYS_VHANGUP",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_SETTIME]
        = "capability::SYS_TIME",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_NICE]
        = "capability::SYS_NICE",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_SETHOSTNAME]
        = "capability::SYS_SETHOSTNAME",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_USE_KERNEL_MODULE]
        = "capability::use_kernel_module",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_CREATE_FIFO]
        = "capability::create_fifo",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_CREATE_BLOCK_DEV]
        = "capability::create_block_dev",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_CREATE_CHAR_DEV]
        = "capability::create_char_dev",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_CREATE_UNIX_SOCKET]
        = "capability::create_unix_socket",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_LINK]
        = "capability::SYS_LINK",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_SYMLINK]
        = "capability::SYS_SYMLINK",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_RENAME]
        = "capability::SYS_RENAME",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_UNLINK]
        = "capability::SYS_UNLINK",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_CHMOD]
        = "capability::SYS_CHMOD",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_CHOWN]
        = "capability::SYS_CHOWN",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_IOCTL]
        = "capability::SYS_IOCTL",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_KEXEC_LOAD]
        = "capability::SYS_KEXEC_LOAD",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_PIVOT_ROOT]
        = "capability::SYS_PIVOT_ROOT",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_SYS_PTRACE]
        = "capability::SYS_PTRACE",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_CONCEAL_MOUNT]
        = "capability::conceal_mount",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
         + CCS_MAC_CATEGORY_FILE] = "file",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
         + CCS_MAC_CATEGORY_NETWORK] = "network",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
         + CCS_MAC_CATEGORY_MISC] = "misc",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
         + CCS_MAC_CATEGORY_IPC] = "ipc",
        [CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
         + CCS_MAC_CATEGORY_CAPABILITY] = "capability",
};

/* Permit policy management by non-root user? */
static bool ccs_manage_by_non_root;

/**
 * ccs_cap2keyword - Convert capability operation to capability name.
 *
 * @operation: The capability index.
 *
 * Returns the name of the specified capability's name.
 */
const char *ccs_cap2keyword(const u8 operation)
{
        return operation < CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
                ? ccs_mac_keywords[CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + operation] + 12 : NULL;
}

/**
 * ccs_yesno - Return "yes" or "no".
 *
 * @value: Bool value.
 */
static const char *ccs_yesno(const unsigned int value)
{
        return value ? "yes" : "no";
}

/**
 * ccs_io_printf - Transactional printf() to "struct ccs_io_buffer" structure.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @fmt:  The printf()'s format string, followed by parameters.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 *
 * The snprintf() will truncate, but ccs_io_printf() won't.
 */
bool ccs_io_printf(struct ccs_io_buffer *head, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list args;
        int len;
        int pos = head->read_avail;
        int size = head->readbuf_size - pos;
        if (size <= 0)
                return false;
        va_start(args, fmt);
        len = vsnprintf(head->read_buf + pos, size, fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
        if (pos + len >= head->readbuf_size)
                return false;
        head->read_avail += len;
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_find_or_assign_new_profile - Create a new profile.
 *
 * @profile: Profile number to create.
 *
 * Returns pointer to "struct ccs_profile" on success, NULL otherwise.
 */
static struct ccs_profile *ccs_find_or_assign_new_profile(const unsigned int
                                                          profile)
{
        struct ccs_profile *ptr;
        struct ccs_profile *entry;
        if (profile >= CCS_MAX_PROFILES)
                return NULL;
        ptr = ccs_profile_ptr[profile];
        if (ptr)
                return ptr;
        entry = kzalloc(sizeof(*entry), GFP_KERNEL);
        mutex_lock(&ccs_policy_lock);
        ptr = ccs_profile_ptr[profile];
        if (!ptr && ccs_memory_ok(entry, sizeof(*entry))) {
                ptr = entry;
                ptr->audit = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                ptr->learning = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                ptr->permissive = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                ptr->enforcing = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                ptr->default_config = CCS_CONFIG_DISABLED |
                        CCS_CONFIG_WANT_GRANT_LOG | CCS_CONFIG_WANT_REJECT_LOG;
                memset(ptr->config, CCS_CONFIG_USE_DEFAULT,
                       sizeof(ptr->config));
                mb(); /* Avoid out-of-order execution. */
                ccs_profile_ptr[profile] = ptr;
                entry = NULL;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&ccs_policy_lock);
        kfree(entry);
        return ptr;
}

/**
 * ccs_check_profile - Check all profiles currently assigned to domains are defined.
 */
void ccs_check_profile(void)
{
        struct ccs_domain_info *domain;
        ccs_policy_loaded = true;
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(domain, &ccs_domain_list, list) {
                const u8 profile = domain->profile;
                if (ccs_profile_ptr[profile])
                        continue;
                panic("Profile %u (used by '%s') not defined.\n",
                      profile, domain->domainname->name);
        }
}

/**
 * ccs_profile - Find a profile.
 *
 * @profile: Profile number to find.
 *
 * Returns pointer to "struct ccs_profile".
 */
struct ccs_profile *ccs_profile(const u8 profile)
{
        struct ccs_profile *ptr = ccs_profile_ptr[profile];
        if (!ccs_policy_loaded)
                return &ccs_default_profile;
        BUG_ON(!ptr);
        return ptr;
}

/**
 * ccs_write_profile - Write profile table.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
static int ccs_write_profile(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *data = head->write_buf;
        unsigned int i;
        int value;
        int mode;
        u8 config;
        bool use_default = false;
        char *cp;
        struct ccs_profile *profile;
        i = simple_strtoul(data, &cp, 10);
        if (data == cp) {
                profile = &ccs_default_profile;
        } else {
                if (*cp != '-')
                        return -EINVAL;
                data = cp + 1;
                profile = ccs_find_or_assign_new_profile(i);
                if (!profile)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        cp = strchr(data, '=');
        if (!cp)
                return -EINVAL;
        *cp++ = '\0';
        if (profile != &ccs_default_profile)
                use_default = strstr(cp, "use_default") != NULL;
        if (strstr(cp, "verbose=yes"))
                value = 1;
        else if (strstr(cp, "verbose=no"))
                value = 0;
        else
                value = -1;
        if (!strcmp(data, "PREFERENCE::audit")) {
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                char *cp2;
#endif
                if (use_default) {
                        profile->audit = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                        return 0;
                }
                profile->audit = &profile->preference;
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                cp2 = strstr(cp, "max_grant_log=");
                if (cp2)
                        sscanf(cp2 + 14, "%u",
                               &profile->preference.audit_max_grant_log);
                cp2 = strstr(cp, "max_reject_log=");
                if (cp2)
                        sscanf(cp2 + 15, "%u",
                               &profile->preference.audit_max_reject_log);
#endif
                if (strstr(cp, "task_info=yes"))
                        profile->preference.audit_task_info = true;
                else if (strstr(cp, "task_info=no"))
                        profile->preference.audit_task_info = false;
                if (strstr(cp, "path_info=yes"))
                        profile->preference.audit_path_info = true;
                else if (strstr(cp, "path_info=no"))
                        profile->preference.audit_path_info = false;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(data, "PREFERENCE::enforcing")) {
                char *cp2;
                if (use_default) {
                        profile->enforcing = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                        return 0;
                }
                profile->enforcing = &profile->preference;
                if (value >= 0)
                        profile->preference.enforcing_verbose = value;
                cp2 = strstr(cp, "penalty=");
                if (cp2)
                        sscanf(cp2 + 8, "%u",
                               &profile->preference.enforcing_penalty);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(data, "PREFERENCE::permissive")) {
                if (use_default) {
                        profile->permissive = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                        return 0;
                }
                profile->permissive = &profile->preference;
                if (value >= 0)
                        profile->preference.permissive_verbose = value;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(data, "PREFERENCE::learning")) {
                char *cp2;
                if (use_default) {
                        profile->learning = &ccs_default_profile.preference;
                        return 0;
                }
                profile->learning = &profile->preference;
                if (value >= 0)
                        profile->preference.learning_verbose = value;
                cp2 = strstr(cp, "max_entry=");
                if (cp2)
                        sscanf(cp2 + 10, "%u",
                               &profile->preference.learning_max_entry);
                if (strstr(cp, "exec.realpath=yes"))
                        profile->preference.learning_exec_realpath = true;
                else if (strstr(cp, "exec.realpath=no"))
                        profile->preference.learning_exec_realpath = false;
                if (strstr(cp, "exec.argv0=yes"))
                        profile->preference.learning_exec_argv0 = true;
                else if (strstr(cp, "exec.argv0=no"))
                        profile->preference.learning_exec_argv0 = false;
                if (strstr(cp, "symlink.target=yes"))
                        profile->preference.learning_symlink_target = true;
                else if (strstr(cp, "symlink.target=no"))
                        profile->preference.learning_symlink_target = false;
                return 0;
        }
        if (profile == &ccs_default_profile)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (!strcmp(data, "COMMENT")) {
                const struct ccs_path_info *new_comment = ccs_get_name(cp);
                const struct ccs_path_info *old_comment;
                /* Protect reader from ccs_put_name(). */
                spin_lock(&ccs_profile_comment_lock);
                old_comment = profile->comment;
                profile->comment = new_comment;
                spin_unlock(&ccs_profile_comment_lock);
                ccs_put_name(old_comment);
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(data, "CONFIG")) {
                i = CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
                        + CCS_MAX_MAC_CATEGORY_INDEX;
                config = profile->default_config;
        } else if (ccs_str_starts(&data, "CONFIG::")) {
                config = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
                             + CCS_MAX_MAC_CATEGORY_INDEX; i++) {
                        if (strcmp(data, ccs_mac_keywords[i]))
                                continue;
                        config = profile->config[i];
                        break;
                }
                if (i == CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
                    + CCS_MAX_MAC_CATEGORY_INDEX)
                        return -EINVAL;
        } else {
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        if (use_default) {
                config = CCS_CONFIG_USE_DEFAULT;
        } else {
                for (mode = 3; mode >= 0; mode--)
                        if (strstr(cp, ccs_mode_4[mode]))
                                /*
                                 * Update lower 3 bits in order to distinguish
                                 * 'config' from 'CCS_CONFIG_USE_DEAFULT'.
                                 */
                                config = (config & ~7) | mode;
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                if (config != CCS_CONFIG_USE_DEFAULT) {
                        if (strstr(cp, "grant_log=yes"))
                                config |= CCS_CONFIG_WANT_GRANT_LOG;
                        else if (strstr(cp, "grant_log=no"))
                                config &= ~CCS_CONFIG_WANT_GRANT_LOG;
                        if (strstr(cp, "reject_log=yes"))
                                config |= CCS_CONFIG_WANT_REJECT_LOG;
                        else if (strstr(cp, "reject_log=no"))
                                config &= ~CCS_CONFIG_WANT_REJECT_LOG;
                }
#endif
        }
        if (i < CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
            + CCS_MAX_MAC_CATEGORY_INDEX)
                profile->config[i] = config;
        else if (config != CCS_CONFIG_USE_DEFAULT)
                profile->default_config = config;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_profile - Read profile table.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 */
static void ccs_read_profile(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        int index;
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        if (head->read_bit)
                goto body;
        ccs_io_printf(head, "PROFILE_VERSION=%s\n", "20090903");
        ccs_io_printf(head, "PREFERENCE::audit={ "
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                      "max_grant_log=%u max_reject_log=%u "
#endif
                      "task_info=%s path_info=%s }\n",
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                      ccs_default_profile.preference.audit_max_grant_log,
                      ccs_default_profile.preference.audit_max_reject_log,
#endif
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                audit_task_info),
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                audit_path_info));
        ccs_io_printf(head, "PREFERENCE::learning={ verbose=%s max_entry=%u "
                      "exec.realpath=%s exec.argv0=%s symlink.target=%s }\n",
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                learning_verbose),
                      ccs_default_profile.preference.learning_max_entry,
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                learning_exec_realpath),
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                learning_exec_argv0),
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                learning_symlink_target));
        ccs_io_printf(head, "PREFERENCE::permissive={ verbose=%s }\n",
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                permissive_verbose));
        ccs_io_printf(head, "PREFERENCE::enforcing={ verbose=%s penalty=%u "
                      "}\n",
                      ccs_yesno(ccs_default_profile.preference.
                                enforcing_verbose),
                      ccs_default_profile.preference.enforcing_penalty);
        head->read_bit = 1;
 body:
        for (index = head->read_step; index < CCS_MAX_PROFILES; index++) {
                bool done;
                u8 config;
                int i;
                int pos;
                const struct ccs_profile *profile = ccs_profile_ptr[index];
                head->read_step = index;
                if (!profile)
                        continue;
                pos = head->read_avail;
                spin_lock(&ccs_profile_comment_lock);
                done = ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-COMMENT=%s\n", index,
                                     profile->comment ? profile->comment->name
                                     : "");
                spin_unlock(&ccs_profile_comment_lock);
                if (!done)
                        goto out;
                config = profile->default_config;
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-CONFIG={ mode=%s grant_log=%s "
                                   "reject_log=%s }\n", index,
                                   ccs_mode_4[config & 3],
                                   ccs_yesno(config &
                                             CCS_CONFIG_WANT_GRANT_LOG),
                                   ccs_yesno(config &
                                             CCS_CONFIG_WANT_REJECT_LOG)))
                        goto out;
#else
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-CONFIG={ mode=%s }\n", index,
                                   ccs_mode_4[config & 3]))
                        goto out;
#endif
                for (i = 0; i < CCS_MAX_MAC_INDEX + CCS_MAX_CAPABILITY_INDEX
                             + CCS_MAX_MAC_CATEGORY_INDEX; i++) {
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                        const char *g;
                        const char *r;
#endif
                        config = profile->config[i];
                        if (config == CCS_CONFIG_USE_DEFAULT)
                                continue;
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                        g = ccs_yesno(config & CCS_CONFIG_WANT_GRANT_LOG);
                        r = ccs_yesno(config & CCS_CONFIG_WANT_REJECT_LOG);
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-CONFIG::%s={ mode=%s "
                                           "grant_log=%s reject_log=%s }\n",
                                           index, ccs_mac_keywords[i],
                                           ccs_mode_4[config & 3], g, r))
                                goto out;
#else
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-CONFIG::%s={ mode=%s }\n",
                                           index, ccs_mac_keywords[i],
                                           ccs_mode_4[config & 3]))
                                goto out;
#endif
                }
                if (profile->audit != &ccs_default_profile.preference &&
                    !ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-PREFERENCE::audit={ "
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                                   "max_grant_log=%u max_reject_log=%u "
#endif
                                   "task_info=%s path_info=%s }\n", index,
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
                                   profile->preference.audit_max_grant_log,
                                   profile->preference.audit_max_reject_log,
#endif
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             audit_task_info),
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             audit_path_info)))
                        goto out;
                if (profile->learning != &ccs_default_profile.preference &&
                    !ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-PREFERENCE::learning={ "
                                   "verbose=%s max_entry=%u exec.realpath=%s "
                                   "exec.argv0=%s symlink.target=%s }\n",
                                   index,
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             learning_verbose),
                                   profile->preference.learning_max_entry,
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             learning_exec_realpath),
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             learning_exec_argv0),
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             learning_symlink_target)))
                        goto out;
                if (profile->permissive != &ccs_default_profile.preference &&
                    !ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-PREFERENCE::permissive={ "
                                   "verbose=%s }\n", index,
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             permissive_verbose)))
                        goto out;
                if (profile->enforcing != &ccs_default_profile.preference &&
                    !ccs_io_printf(head, "%u-PREFERENCE::enforcing={ "
                                   "verbose=%s penalty=%u }\n", index,
                                   ccs_yesno(profile->preference.
                                             enforcing_verbose),
                                   profile->preference.enforcing_penalty))
                        goto out;
                continue;
 out:
                head->read_avail = pos;
                break;
        }
        if (index == CCS_MAX_PROFILES)
                head->read_eof = true;
}

/* The list for "struct ccs_policy_manager_entry". */
LIST_HEAD(ccs_policy_manager_list);

/**
 * ccs_update_manager_entry - Add a manager entry.
 *
 * @manager:   The path to manager or the domainnamme.
 * @is_delete: True if it is a delete request.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
static int ccs_update_manager_entry(const char *manager, const bool is_delete)
{
        struct ccs_policy_manager_entry *entry = NULL;
        struct ccs_policy_manager_entry *ptr;
        struct ccs_policy_manager_entry e = { };
        int error = is_delete ? -ENOENT : -ENOMEM;
        if (ccs_is_domain_def(manager)) {
                if (!ccs_is_correct_domain(manager))
                        return -EINVAL;
                e.is_domain = true;
        } else {
                if (!ccs_is_correct_path(manager, 1, -1, -1))
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        e.manager = ccs_get_name(manager);
        if (!e.manager)
                return -ENOMEM;
        if (!is_delete)
                entry = kmalloc(sizeof(e), GFP_KERNEL);
        mutex_lock(&ccs_policy_lock);
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(ptr, &ccs_policy_manager_list, list) {
                if (ptr->manager != e.manager)
                        continue;
                ptr->is_deleted = is_delete;
                error = 0;
                break;
        }
        if (!is_delete && error && ccs_commit_ok(entry, &e, sizeof(e))) {
                list_add_tail_rcu(&entry->list, &ccs_policy_manager_list);
                entry = NULL;
                error = 0;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&ccs_policy_lock);
        ccs_put_name(e.manager);
        kfree(entry);
        return error;
}

/**
 * ccs_write_manager_policy - Write manager policy.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
static int ccs_write_manager_policy(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *data = head->write_buf;
        bool is_delete = ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_DELETE);
        if (!strcmp(data, "manage_by_non_root")) {
                ccs_manage_by_non_root = !is_delete;
                return 0;
        }
        return ccs_update_manager_entry(data, is_delete);
}

/**
 * ccs_read_manager_policy - Read manager policy.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static void ccs_read_manager_policy(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        struct list_head *pos;
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        list_for_each_cookie(pos, head->read_var2, &ccs_policy_manager_list) {
                struct ccs_policy_manager_entry *ptr;
                ptr = list_entry(pos, struct ccs_policy_manager_entry, list);
                if (ptr->is_deleted)
                        continue;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%s\n", ptr->manager->name))
                        return;
        }
        head->read_eof = true;
}

/**
 * ccs_is_policy_manager - Check whether the current process is a policy manager.
 *
 * Returns true if the current process is permitted to modify policy
 * via /proc/ccs/ interface.
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static bool ccs_is_policy_manager(void)
{
        struct ccs_policy_manager_entry *ptr;
        const char *exe;
        struct task_struct *task = current;
        const struct ccs_path_info *domainname
                = ccs_current_domain()->domainname;
        bool found = false;
        if (!ccs_policy_loaded)
                return true;
        if (task->ccs_flags & CCS_TASK_IS_POLICY_MANAGER)
                return true;
        if (!ccs_manage_by_non_root && (current_uid() || current_euid()))
                return false;
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(ptr, &ccs_policy_manager_list, list) {
                if (!ptr->is_deleted && ptr->is_domain
                    && !ccs_pathcmp(domainname, ptr->manager)) {
                        /* Set manager flag. */
                        task->ccs_flags |= CCS_TASK_IS_POLICY_MANAGER;
                        return true;
                }
        }
        exe = ccs_get_exe();
        if (!exe)
                return false;
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(ptr, &ccs_policy_manager_list, list) {
                if (!ptr->is_deleted && !ptr->is_domain
                    && !strcmp(exe, ptr->manager->name)) {
                        found = true;
                        /* Set manager flag. */
                        task->ccs_flags |= CCS_TASK_IS_POLICY_MANAGER;
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (!found) { /* Reduce error messages. */
                static pid_t ccs_last_pid;
                const pid_t pid = current->pid;
                if (ccs_last_pid != pid) {
                        printk(KERN_WARNING "%s ( %s ) is not permitted to "
                               "update policies.\n", domainname->name, exe);
                        ccs_last_pid = pid;
                }
        }
        kfree(exe);
        return found;
}

/**
 * ccs_find_condition_part - Find condition part from the statement.
 *
 * @data: String to parse.
 *
 * Returns pointer to the condition part if it was found in the statement,
 * NULL otherwise.
 */
static char *ccs_find_condition_part(char *data)
{
        char *cp = strstr(data, " if ");
        if (cp) {
                while (1) {
                        char *cp2 = strstr(cp + 3, " if ");
                        if (!cp2)
                                break;
                        cp = cp2;
                }
                *cp++ = '\0';
        } else {
                cp = strstr(data, " ; set ");
                if (cp)
                        *cp++ = '\0';
        }
        return cp;
}

/**
 * ccs_is_select_one - Parse select command.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @data: String to parse.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static bool ccs_is_select_one(struct ccs_io_buffer *head, const char *data)
{
        unsigned int pid;
        struct ccs_domain_info *domain = NULL;
        bool global_pid = false;
        if (!strcmp(data, "allow_execute")) {
                head->read_execute_only = true;
                return true;
        }
        if (sscanf(data, "pid=%u", &pid) == 1 ||
            (global_pid = true, sscanf(data, "global-pid=%u", &pid) == 1)) {
                struct task_struct *p;
                read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2, 6, 24)
                if (global_pid)
                        p = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
                else
                        p = find_task_by_vpid(pid);
#else
                p = find_task_by_pid(pid);
#endif
                if (p)
                        domain = ccs_task_domain(p);
                read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
        } else if (!strncmp(data, "domain=", 7)) {
                if (ccs_is_domain_def(data + 7))
                        domain = ccs_find_domain(data + 7);
        } else
                return false;
        head->write_var1 = domain;
        /* Accessing read_buf is safe because head->io_sem is held. */
        if (!head->read_buf)
                return true; /* Do nothing if open(O_WRONLY). */
        head->read_avail = 0;
        ccs_io_printf(head, "# select %s\n", data);
        head->read_single_domain = true;
        head->read_eof = !domain;
        if (domain) {
                struct ccs_domain_info *d;
                head->read_var1 = NULL;
                list_for_each_entry_rcu(d, &ccs_domain_list, list) {
                        if (d == domain)
                                break;
                        head->read_var1 = &d->list;
                }
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_bit = 0;
                head->read_step = 0;
                if (domain->is_deleted)
                        ccs_io_printf(head, "# This is a deleted domain.\n");
        }
        return true;
}

static int ccs_write_domain_policy2(char *data, struct ccs_domain_info *domain,
                                    struct ccs_condition *cond,
                                    const bool is_delete)
{
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_CAPABILITY))
                return ccs_write_capability_policy(data, domain, cond,
                                                   is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_NETWORK))
                return ccs_write_network_policy(data, domain, cond, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_SIGNAL))
                return ccs_write_signal_policy(data, domain, cond, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_ENV))
                return ccs_write_env_policy(data, domain, cond, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_MOUNT))
                return ccs_write_mount_policy(data, domain, cond, is_delete);
        return ccs_write_file_policy(data, domain, cond, is_delete);
}

/**
 * ccs_write_domain_policy - Write domain policy.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
static int ccs_write_domain_policy(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *data = head->write_buf;
        struct ccs_domain_info *domain = head->write_var1;
        bool is_delete = false;
        bool is_select = false;
        unsigned int profile;
        struct ccs_condition *cond = NULL;
        char *cp;
        int error;
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_DELETE))
                is_delete = true;
        else if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_SELECT))
                is_select = true;
        if (is_select && ccs_is_select_one(head, data))
                return 0;
        /* Don't allow updating policies by non manager programs. */
        if (!ccs_is_policy_manager())
                return -EPERM;
        if (ccs_is_domain_def(data)) {
                domain = NULL;
                if (is_delete)
                        ccs_delete_domain(data);
                else if (is_select)
                        domain = ccs_find_domain(data);
                else
                        domain = ccs_find_or_assign_new_domain(data, 0);
                head->write_var1 = domain;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!domain)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (sscanf(data, CCS_KEYWORD_USE_PROFILE "%u", &profile) == 1
            && profile < CCS_MAX_PROFILES) {
                if (!ccs_policy_loaded || ccs_profile_ptr[(u8) profile])
                        domain->profile = (u8) profile;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(data, CCS_KEYWORD_IGNORE_GLOBAL_ALLOW_READ)) {
                domain->ignore_global_allow_read = !is_delete;
                return 0;
        }
        if (!strcmp(data, CCS_KEYWORD_IGNORE_GLOBAL_ALLOW_ENV)) {
                domain->ignore_global_allow_env = !is_delete;
                return 0;
        }
        cp = ccs_find_condition_part(data);
        if (cp) {
                cond = ccs_get_condition(cp);
                if (!cond)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        error = ccs_write_domain_policy2(data, domain, cond, is_delete);
        if (cond)
                ccs_put_condition(cond);
        return error;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_name_union - Print a ccs_name_union.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_name_union".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_name_union(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                 const struct ccs_name_union *ptr)
{
        int pos = head->read_avail;
        if (pos && head->read_buf[pos - 1] == ' ')
                head->read_avail--;
        if (ptr->is_group)
                return ccs_io_printf(head, " @%s",
                                     ptr->group->group_name->name);
        return ccs_io_printf(head, " %s", ptr->filename->name);
}

/**
 * ccs_print_name_union_quoted - Print a ccs_name_union with double quotes.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_name_union".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_name_union_quoted(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                        const struct ccs_name_union *ptr)
{
        if (ptr->is_group)
                return ccs_io_printf(head, "@%s",
                                     ptr->group->group_name->name);
        return ccs_io_printf(head, "\"%s\"", ptr->filename->name);
}

/**
 * ccs_print_number_union_common - Print a ccs_number_union.
 *
 * @head:       Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:        Pointer to "struct ccs_number_union".
 * @need_space: True if a space character is needed.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_number_union_common(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                          const struct ccs_number_union *ptr,
                                          const bool need_space)
{
        unsigned long min;
        unsigned long max;
        u8 min_type;
        u8 max_type;
        if (need_space && !ccs_io_printf(head, " "))
                return false;
        if (ptr->is_group)
                return ccs_io_printf(head, "@%s",
                                     ptr->group->group_name->name);
        min_type = ptr->min_type;
        max_type = ptr->max_type;
        min = ptr->values[0];
        max = ptr->values[1];
        switch (min_type) {
        case CCS_VALUE_TYPE_HEXADECIMAL:
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "0x%lX", min))
                        return false;
                break;
        case CCS_VALUE_TYPE_OCTAL:
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "0%lo", min))
                        return false;
                break;
        default:
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%lu", min))
                        return false;
                break;
        }
        if (min == max && min_type == max_type)
                return true;
        switch (max_type) {
        case CCS_VALUE_TYPE_HEXADECIMAL:
                return ccs_io_printf(head, "-0x%lX", max);
        case CCS_VALUE_TYPE_OCTAL:
                return ccs_io_printf(head, "-0%lo", max);
        default:
                return ccs_io_printf(head, "-%lu", max);
        }
}

/**
 * ccs_print_number_union - Print a ccs_number_union.
 *
 * @head:       Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:        Pointer to "struct ccs_number_union".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
bool ccs_print_number_union(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                            const struct ccs_number_union *ptr)
{
        return ccs_print_number_union_common(head, ptr, true);
}

/**
 * ccs_print_number_union_nospace - Print a ccs_number_union without a space character.
 *
 * @head:       Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:        Pointer to "struct ccs_number_union".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_number_union_nospace(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                           const struct ccs_number_union *ptr)
{
        return ccs_print_number_union_common(head, ptr, false);
}

/**
 * ccs_print_condition - Print condition part.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_condition(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        const struct ccs_condition_element *condp;
        const struct ccs_number_union *numbers_p;
        const struct ccs_name_union *names_p;
        const struct ccs_argv_entry *argv;
        const struct ccs_envp_entry *envp;
        u16 condc;
        u16 i;
        u16 j;
        char buffer[32];
        if (!cond)
                goto no_condition;
        condc = cond->condc;
        condp = (const struct ccs_condition_element *) (cond + 1);
        numbers_p = (const struct ccs_number_union *) (condp + condc);
        names_p = (const struct ccs_name_union *)
                (numbers_p + cond->numbers_count);
        argv = (const struct ccs_argv_entry *) (names_p + cond->names_count);
        envp = (const struct ccs_envp_entry *) (argv + cond->argc);
        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
        if (condc && !ccs_io_printf(head, "%s", " if"))
                goto out;
        for (i = 0; i < condc; i++) {
                const u8 match = condp->equals;
                const u8 left = condp->left;
                const u8 right = condp->right;
                condp++;
                switch (left) {
                case CCS_ARGV_ENTRY:
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, " exec.argv[%u]%s\"%s\"",
                                           argv->index, argv->is_not ?
                                           "!=" : "=", argv->value->name))
                                goto out;
                        argv++;
                        continue;
                case CCS_ENVP_ENTRY:
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, " exec.envp[\"%s\"]%s",
                                           envp->name->name, envp->is_not ?
                                           "!=" : "="))
                                goto out;
                        if (envp->value) {
                                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "\"%s\"",
                                                   envp->value->name))
                                        goto out;
                        } else {
                                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "NULL"))
                                        goto out;
                        }
                        envp++;
                        continue;
                case CCS_NUMBER_UNION:
                        if (!ccs_print_number_union(head, numbers_p++))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                default:
                        if (left >= CCS_MAX_CONDITION_KEYWORD)
                                goto out;
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, " %s",
                                           ccs_condition_keyword[left]))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                }
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%s", match ? "=" : "!="))
                        goto out;
                switch (right) {
                case CCS_NAME_UNION:
                        if (!ccs_print_name_union_quoted(head, names_p++))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                case CCS_NUMBER_UNION:
                        if (!ccs_print_number_union_nospace(head, numbers_p++))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                default:
                        if (right >= CCS_MAX_CONDITION_KEYWORD)
                                goto out;
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%s",
                                           ccs_condition_keyword[right]))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                }
        }
        i = cond->post_state[3];
        if (!i)
                goto no_condition;
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, " ; set"))
                goto out;
        for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                if (!(i & (1 << j)))
                        continue;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, " task.state[%u]=%u", j,
                                   cond->post_state[j]))
                        goto out;
        }
 no_condition:
        if (ccs_io_printf(head, "\n"))
                return true;
 out:
        return false;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_path_acl - Print a path ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_path_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_path_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                               struct ccs_path_acl *ptr,
                               const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        int pos;
        u8 bit;
        const u16 perm = ptr->perm;
        for (bit = head->read_bit; bit < CCS_MAX_PATH_OPERATION; bit++) {
                if (!(perm & (1 << bit)))
                        continue;
                if (head->read_execute_only && bit != CCS_TYPE_EXECUTE)
                        continue;
                /* Print "read/write" instead of "read" and "write". */
                if ((bit == CCS_TYPE_READ || bit == CCS_TYPE_WRITE)
                    && (perm & (1 << CCS_TYPE_READ_WRITE)))
                        continue;
                pos = head->read_avail;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "allow_%s", ccs_path2keyword(bit)) ||
                    !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->name) ||
                    !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                        head->read_bit = bit;
                        head->read_avail = pos;
                        return false;
                }
        }
        head->read_bit = 0;
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_path_number3_acl - Print a path_number3 ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_path_number3_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_path_number3_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                       struct ccs_path_number3_acl *ptr,
                                       const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        int pos;
        u8 bit;
        const u16 perm = ptr->perm;
        for (bit = head->read_bit; bit < CCS_MAX_PATH_NUMBER3_OPERATION;
             bit++) {
                if (!(perm & (1 << bit)))
                        continue;
                pos = head->read_avail;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "allow_%s",
                                   ccs_path_number32keyword(bit)) ||
                    !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->name) ||
                    !ccs_print_number_union(head, &ptr->mode) ||
                    !ccs_print_number_union(head, &ptr->major) ||
                    !ccs_print_number_union(head, &ptr->minor) ||
                    !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                        head->read_bit = bit;
                        head->read_avail = pos;
                        return false;
                }
        }
        head->read_bit = 0;
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_path2_acl - Print a path2 ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_path2_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_path2_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                struct ccs_path2_acl *ptr,
                                const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        int pos;
        u8 bit;
        const u8 perm = ptr->perm;
        for (bit = head->read_bit; bit < CCS_MAX_PATH2_OPERATION; bit++) {
                if (!(perm & (1 << bit)))
                        continue;
                pos = head->read_avail;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "allow_%s",
                                   ccs_path22keyword(bit)) ||
                    !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->name1) ||
                    !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->name2) ||
                    !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                        head->read_bit = bit;
                        head->read_avail = pos;
                        return false;
                }
        }
        head->read_bit = 0;
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_path_number_acl - Print a path_number ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_path_number_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_path_number_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                      struct ccs_path_number_acl *ptr,
                                      const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        int pos;
        u8 bit;
        const u8 perm = ptr->perm;
        for (bit = head->read_bit; bit < CCS_MAX_PATH_NUMBER_OPERATION;
             bit++) {
                if (!(perm & (1 << bit)))
                        continue;
                pos = head->read_avail;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "allow_%s",
                                   ccs_path_number2keyword(bit)) ||
                    !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->name) ||
                    !ccs_print_number_union(head, &ptr->number) ||
                    !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                        head->read_bit = bit;
                        head->read_avail = pos;
                        return false;
                }
        }
        head->read_bit = 0;
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_env_acl - Print an evironment variable name's ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_env_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_env_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                              struct ccs_env_acl *ptr,
                              const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        const int pos = head->read_avail;
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_ENV "%s", ptr->env->name) ||
            !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                head->read_avail = pos;
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_capability_acl - Print a capability ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_capability_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_capability_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                     struct ccs_capability_acl *ptr,
                                     const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        const int pos = head->read_avail;
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_CAPABILITY "%s",
                           ccs_cap2keyword(ptr->operation)) ||
            !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                head->read_avail = pos;
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_ipv4_entry - Print IPv4 address of a network ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_ip_network_acl".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_ipv4_entry(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                 struct ccs_ip_network_acl *ptr)
{
        const u32 min_address = ptr->address.ipv4.min;
        const u32 max_address = ptr->address.ipv4.max;
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%u.%u.%u.%u", HIPQUAD(min_address)))
                return false;
        if (min_address != max_address
            && !ccs_io_printf(head, "-%u.%u.%u.%u", HIPQUAD(max_address)))
                return false;
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_ipv6_entry - Print IPv6 address of a network ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_ip_network_acl".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_ipv6_entry(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                 struct ccs_ip_network_acl *ptr)
{
        char buf[64];
        const struct in6_addr *min_address = ptr->address.ipv6.min;
        const struct in6_addr *max_address = ptr->address.ipv6.max;
        ccs_print_ipv6(buf, sizeof(buf), min_address);
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%s", buf))
                return false;
        if (min_address != max_address) {
                ccs_print_ipv6(buf, sizeof(buf), max_address);
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "-%s", buf))
                        return false;
        }
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_network_acl - Print a network ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_ip_network_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_network_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                  struct ccs_ip_network_acl *ptr,
                                  const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        int pos;
        u8 bit;
        const u16 perm = ptr->perm;
        for (bit = head->read_bit; bit < CCS_MAX_NETWORK_OPERATION; bit++) {
                if (!(perm & (1 << bit)))
                        continue;
                pos = head->read_avail;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_NETWORK "%s ",
                                   ccs_net2keyword(bit)))
                        goto out;
                switch (ptr->address_type) {
                case CCS_IP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ADDRESS_GROUP:
                        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "@%s", ptr->address.group->
                                           group_name->name))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                case CCS_IP_ADDRESS_TYPE_IPv4:
                        if (!ccs_print_ipv4_entry(head, ptr))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                case CCS_IP_ADDRESS_TYPE_IPv6:
                        if (!ccs_print_ipv6_entry(head, ptr))
                                goto out;
                        break;
                }
                if (!ccs_print_number_union(head, &ptr->port) ||
                    !ccs_print_condition(head, cond))
                        goto out;
        }
        head->read_bit = 0;
        return true;
 out:
        head->read_bit = bit;
        head->read_avail = pos;
        return false;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_signal_acl - Print a signal ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct signale_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_signal_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                 struct ccs_signal_acl *ptr,
                                 const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        const int pos = head->read_avail;
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_SIGNAL "%u %s",
                           ptr->sig, ptr->domainname->name) ||
            !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                head->read_avail = pos;
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_execute_handler_record - Print an execute handler ACL entry.
 *
 * @head:    Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @keyword: Name of the keyword.
 * @ptr:     Pointer to "struct ccs_execute_handler_record".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_execute_handler_record(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                             const char *keyword,
                                             struct ccs_execute_handler_record *
                                             ptr)
{
        return ccs_io_printf(head, "%s %s\n", keyword, ptr->handler->name);
}

/**
 * ccs_print_mount_acl - Print a mount ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to "struct ccs_mount_acl".
 * @cond: Pointer to "struct ccs_condition". May be NULL.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_mount_acl(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                                struct ccs_mount_acl *ptr,
                                const struct ccs_condition *cond)
{
        const int pos = head->read_avail;
        if (!ccs_io_printf(head, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_MOUNT) ||
            !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->dev_name) ||
            !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->dir_name) ||
            !ccs_print_name_union(head, &ptr->fs_type) ||
            !ccs_print_number_union(head, &ptr->flags) ||
            !ccs_print_condition(head, cond)) {
                head->read_avail = pos;
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

/**
 * ccs_print_entry - Print an ACL entry.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 * @ptr:  Pointer to an ACL entry.
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_print_entry(struct ccs_io_buffer *head,
                            struct ccs_acl_info *ptr)
{
        const struct ccs_condition *cond = ptr->cond;
        const u8 acl_type = ptr->type;
        if (ptr->is_deleted)
                return true;
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_PATH_ACL) {
                struct ccs_path_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_path_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_path_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {
                struct ccs_execute_handler_record *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_execute_handler_record,
                                       head);
                const char *keyword = CCS_KEYWORD_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
                return ccs_print_execute_handler_record(head, keyword, acl);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_DENIED_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {
                struct ccs_execute_handler_record *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_execute_handler_record,
                                       head);
                const char *keyword = CCS_KEYWORD_DENIED_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
                return ccs_print_execute_handler_record(head, keyword, acl);
        }
        if (head->read_execute_only)
                return true;
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_PATH_NUMBER3_ACL) {
                struct ccs_path_number3_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_path_number3_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_path_number3_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_PATH2_ACL) {
                struct ccs_path2_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_path2_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_path2_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_PATH_NUMBER_ACL) {
                struct ccs_path_number_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_path_number_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_path_number_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_ENV_ACL) {
                struct ccs_env_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_env_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_env_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_CAPABILITY_ACL) {
                struct ccs_capability_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_capability_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_capability_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_IP_NETWORK_ACL) {
                struct ccs_ip_network_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_ip_network_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_network_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_SIGNAL_ACL) {
                struct ccs_signal_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_signal_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_signal_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        if (acl_type == CCS_TYPE_MOUNT_ACL) {
                struct ccs_mount_acl *acl
                        = container_of(ptr, struct ccs_mount_acl, head);
                return ccs_print_mount_acl(head, acl, cond);
        }
        BUG(); /* This must not happen. */
        return false;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_domain_policy - Read domain policy.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static void ccs_read_domain_policy(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        struct list_head *dpos;
        struct list_head *apos;
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        if (head->read_step == 0)
                head->read_step = 1;
        list_for_each_cookie(dpos, head->read_var1, &ccs_domain_list) {
                struct ccs_domain_info *domain;
                const char *quota_exceeded = "";
                const char *transition_failed = "";
                const char *ignore_global_allow_read = "";
                const char *ignore_global_allow_env = "";
                domain = list_entry(dpos, struct ccs_domain_info, list);
                if (head->read_step != 1)
                        goto acl_loop;
                if (domain->is_deleted && !head->read_single_domain)
                        continue;
                /* Print domainname and flags. */
                if (domain->quota_warned)
                        quota_exceeded = "quota_exceeded\n";
                if (domain->domain_transition_failed)
                        transition_failed = "transition_failed\n";
                if (domain->ignore_global_allow_read)
                        ignore_global_allow_read
                                = CCS_KEYWORD_IGNORE_GLOBAL_ALLOW_READ "\n";
                if (domain->ignore_global_allow_env)
                        ignore_global_allow_env
                                = CCS_KEYWORD_IGNORE_GLOBAL_ALLOW_ENV "\n";
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%s\n" CCS_KEYWORD_USE_PROFILE "%u\n"
                                   "%s%s%s%s\n", domain->domainname->name,
                                   domain->profile, quota_exceeded,
                                   transition_failed,
                                   ignore_global_allow_read,
                                   ignore_global_allow_env))
                        return;
                head->read_step = 2;
 acl_loop:
                if (head->read_step == 3)
                        goto tail_mark;
                /* Print ACL entries in the domain. */
                list_for_each_cookie(apos, head->read_var2,
                                     &domain->acl_info_list) {
                        struct ccs_acl_info *ptr
                                = list_entry(apos, struct ccs_acl_info, list);
                        if (!ccs_print_entry(head, ptr))
                                return;
                }
                head->read_step = 3;
 tail_mark:
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "\n"))
                        return;
                head->read_step = 1;
                if (head->read_single_domain)
                        break;
        }
        head->read_eof = true;
}

/**
 * ccs_write_domain_profile - Assign profile for specified domain.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -EINVAL otherwise.
 *
 * This is equivalent to doing
 *
 *     ( echo "select " $domainname; echo "use_profile " $profile ) |
 *     /usr/sbin/ccs-loadpolicy -d
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static int ccs_write_domain_profile(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *data = head->write_buf;
        char *cp = strchr(data, ' ');
        struct ccs_domain_info *domain;
        unsigned int profile;
        if (!cp)
                return -EINVAL;
        *cp = '\0';
        profile = simple_strtoul(data, NULL, 10);
        if (profile >= CCS_MAX_PROFILES)
                return -EINVAL;
        domain = ccs_find_domain(cp + 1);
        if (domain && (!ccs_policy_loaded || ccs_profile_ptr[(u8) profile]))
                domain->profile = (u8) profile;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_domain_profile - Read only domainname and profile.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * This is equivalent to doing
 *
 *     grep -A 1 '^<kernel>' /proc/ccs/domain_policy |
 *     awk ' { if ( domainname == "" ) { if ( $1 == "<kernel>" )
 *     domainname = $0; } else if ( $1 == "use_profile" ) {
 *     print $2 " " domainname; domainname = ""; } } ; '
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static void ccs_read_domain_profile(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        struct list_head *pos;
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        list_for_each_cookie(pos, head->read_var1, &ccs_domain_list) {
                struct ccs_domain_info *domain;
                domain = list_entry(pos, struct ccs_domain_info, list);
                if (domain->is_deleted)
                        continue;
                if (!ccs_io_printf(head, "%u %s\n", domain->profile,
                                   domain->domainname->name))
                        return;
        }
        head->read_eof = true;
}

/**
 * ccs_write_pid: Specify PID to obtain domainname.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0.
 */
static int ccs_write_pid(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        head->read_eof = false;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_pid - Read information of a process.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns the domainname which the specified PID is in or
 * process information of the specified PID on success,
 * empty string otherwise.
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static void ccs_read_pid(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *buf = head->write_buf;
        bool task_info = false;
        bool global_pid = false;
        unsigned int pid;
        struct task_struct *p;
        struct ccs_domain_info *domain = NULL;
        u32 ccs_flags = 0;
        /* Accessing write_buf is safe because head->io_sem is held. */
        if (!buf)
                return; /* Do nothing if open(O_RDONLY). */
        if (head->read_avail || head->read_eof)
                return;
        head->read_eof = true;
        if (ccs_str_starts(&buf, "info "))
                task_info = true;
        if (ccs_str_starts(&buf, "global-pid "))
                global_pid = true;
        pid = (unsigned int) simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);
        read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2, 6, 24)
        if (global_pid)
                p = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
        else
                p = find_task_by_vpid(pid);
#else
        p = find_task_by_pid(pid);
#endif
        if (p) {
                domain = ccs_task_domain(p);
                ccs_flags = p->ccs_flags;
        }
        read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
        if (!domain)
                return;
        if (!task_info)
                ccs_io_printf(head, "%u %u %s", pid, domain->profile,
                              domain->domainname->name);
        else
                ccs_io_printf(head, "%u manager=%s execute_handler=%s "
                              "state[0]=%u state[1]=%u state[2]=%u", pid,
                              ccs_yesno(ccs_flags &
                                        CCS_TASK_IS_POLICY_MANAGER),
                              ccs_yesno(ccs_flags &
                                        CCS_TASK_IS_EXECUTE_HANDLER),
                              (u8) (ccs_flags >> 24),
                              (u8) (ccs_flags >> 16),
                              (u8) (ccs_flags >> 8));
}

/**
 * ccs_write_exception_policy - Write exception policy.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
static int ccs_write_exception_policy(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *data = head->write_buf;
        bool is_delete = ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_DELETE);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_KEEP_DOMAIN))
                return ccs_write_domain_keeper_policy(data, false, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_NO_KEEP_DOMAIN))
                return ccs_write_domain_keeper_policy(data, true, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_INITIALIZE_DOMAIN))
                return ccs_write_domain_initializer_policy(data, false,
                                                           is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_NO_INITIALIZE_DOMAIN))
                return ccs_write_domain_initializer_policy(data, true,
                                                           is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_AGGREGATOR))
                return ccs_write_aggregator_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_READ))
                return ccs_write_globally_readable_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ALLOW_ENV))
                return ccs_write_globally_usable_env_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_FILE_PATTERN))
                return ccs_write_pattern_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_PATH_GROUP))
                return ccs_write_path_group_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_NUMBER_GROUP))
                return ccs_write_number_group_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_DENY_REWRITE))
                return ccs_write_no_rewrite_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_ADDRESS_GROUP))
                return ccs_write_address_group_policy(data, is_delete);
        if (ccs_str_starts(&data, CCS_KEYWORD_DENY_AUTOBIND))
                return ccs_write_reserved_port_policy(data, is_delete);
        return -EINVAL;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_exception_policy - Read exception policy.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Caller holds ccs_read_lock().
 */
static void ccs_read_exception_policy(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        switch (head->read_step) {
        case 0:
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 1;
        case 1:
                if (!ccs_read_domain_keeper_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 2;
        case 2:
                if (!ccs_read_globally_readable_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 3;
        case 3:
                if (!ccs_read_globally_usable_env_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 4;
        case 4:
                if (!ccs_read_domain_initializer_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 6;
        case 6:
                if (!ccs_read_aggregator_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 7;
        case 7:
                if (!ccs_read_file_pattern(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 8;
        case 8:
                if (!ccs_read_no_rewrite_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 9;
        case 9:
                if (!ccs_read_path_group_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var1 = NULL;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 10;
        case 10:
                if (!ccs_read_number_group_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var1 = NULL;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 11;
        case 11:
                if (!ccs_read_address_group_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_var2 = NULL;
                head->read_step = 12;
        case 12:
                if (!ccs_read_reserved_port_policy(head))
                        break;
                head->read_eof = true;
        }
}

/**
 * ccs_get_argv0 - Get argv[0].
 *
 * @ee: Pointer to "struct ccs_execve_entry".
 *
 * Returns true on success, false otherwise.
 */
static bool ccs_get_argv0(struct ccs_execve_entry *ee)
{
        struct linux_binprm *bprm = ee->bprm;
        char *arg_ptr = ee->tmp;
        int arg_len = 0;
        unsigned long pos = bprm->p;
        int offset = pos % PAGE_SIZE;
        bool done = false;
        if (!bprm->argc)
                goto out;
        while (1) {
                if (!ccs_dump_page(bprm, pos, &ee->dump))
                        goto out;
                pos += PAGE_SIZE - offset;
                /* Read. */
                while (offset < PAGE_SIZE) {
                        const char *kaddr = ee->dump.data;
                        const unsigned char c = kaddr[offset++];
                        if (c && arg_len < CCS_EXEC_TMPSIZE - 10) {
                                if (c == '\\') {
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++] = '\\';
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++] = '\\';
                                } else if (c > ' ' && c < 127) {
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++] = c;
                                } else {
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++] = '\\';
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++] = (c >> 6) + '0';
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++]
                                                = ((c >> 3) & 7) + '0';
                                        arg_ptr[arg_len++] = (c & 7) + '0';
                                }
                        } else {
                                arg_ptr[arg_len] = '\0';
                                done = true;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                offset = 0;
                if (done)
                        break;
        }
        return true;
 out:
        return false;
}

/**
 * ccs_get_execute_condition - Get condition part for execute requests.
 *
 * @ee: Pointer to "struct ccs_execve_entry".
 *
 * Returns pointer to "struct ccs_condition" on success, NULL otherwise.
 */
static struct ccs_condition *ccs_get_execute_condition(struct ccs_execve_entry
                                                       *ee)
{
        struct ccs_condition *cond;
        char *buf;
        int len = 256;
        char *realpath = NULL;
        char *argv0 = NULL;
        const struct ccs_profile *profile = ccs_profile(ee->r.domain->profile);
        if (profile->learning->learning_exec_realpath) {
                struct file *file = ee->bprm->file;
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(2, 6, 20)
                struct path path = { file->f_vfsmnt, file->f_dentry };
                realpath = ccs_realpath_from_path(&path);
#else
                realpath = ccs_realpath_from_path(&file->f_path);
#endif
                if (realpath)
                        len += strlen(realpath) + 17;
        }
        if (profile->learning->learning_exec_argv0) {
                if (ccs_get_argv0(ee)) {
                        argv0 = ee->tmp;
                        len += strlen(argv0) + 16;
                }
        }
        buf = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!buf) {
                kfree(realpath);
                return NULL;
        }
        snprintf(buf, len - 1, "if");
        if (current->ccs_flags & CCS_TASK_IS_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {
                const int pos = strlen(buf);
                snprintf(buf + pos, len - pos - 1,
                         " task.type=execute_handler");
        }
        if (realpath) {
                const int pos = strlen(buf);
                snprintf(buf + pos, len - pos - 1, " exec.realpath=\"%s\"",
                         realpath);
                kfree(realpath);
        }
        if (argv0) {
                const int pos = strlen(buf);
                snprintf(buf + pos, len - pos - 1, " exec.argv[0]=\"%s\"",
                         argv0);
        }
        cond = ccs_get_condition(buf);
        kfree(buf);
        return cond;
}

/**
 * ccs_get_symlink_condition - Get condition part for symlink requests.
 *
 * @r: Pointer to "struct ccs_request_info".
 *
 * Returns pointer to "struct ccs_condition" on success, NULL otherwise.
 */
static struct ccs_condition *ccs_get_symlink_condition(struct ccs_request_info
                                                       *r)
{
        struct ccs_condition *cond;
        char *buf;
        int len = 256;
        const char *symlink = NULL;
        const struct ccs_profile *profile = ccs_profile(r->profile);
        if (profile->learning->learning_symlink_target) {
                symlink = r->obj->symlink_target->name;
                len += strlen(symlink) + 18;
        }
        buf = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!buf)
                return NULL;
        snprintf(buf, len - 1, "if");
        if (current->ccs_flags & CCS_TASK_IS_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {
                const int pos = strlen(buf);
                snprintf(buf + pos, len - pos - 1,
                         " task.type=execute_handler");
        }
        if (symlink) {
                const int pos = strlen(buf);
                snprintf(buf + pos, len - pos - 1, " symlink.target=\"%s\"",
                         symlink);
        }
        cond = ccs_get_condition(buf);
        kfree(buf);
        return cond;
}

/* Wait queue for ccs_query_list. */
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(ccs_query_wait);

/* Lock for manipulating ccs_query_list. */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ccs_query_list_lock);

/* Structure for query. */
struct ccs_query_entry {
        struct list_head list;
        char *query;
        int query_len;
        unsigned int serial;
        int timer;
        int answer;
};

/* The list for "struct ccs_query_entry". */
static LIST_HEAD(ccs_query_list);

/* Number of "struct file" referring /proc/ccs/query interface. */
static atomic_t ccs_query_observers = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

/**
 * ccs_supervisor - Ask for the supervisor's decision.
 *
 * @r:       Pointer to "struct ccs_request_info".
 * @fmt:     The printf()'s format string, followed by parameters.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the supervisor decided to permit the access request which
 * violated the policy in enforcing mode, 1 if the supervisor decided to
 * retry the access request which violated the policy in enforcing mode,
 * 0 if it is not in enforcing mode, -EPERM otherwise.
 */
int ccs_supervisor(struct ccs_request_info *r, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list args;
        int error = -EPERM;
        int pos;
        int len;
        static unsigned int ccs_serial;
        struct ccs_query_entry *ccs_query_entry = NULL;
        bool quota_exceeded = false;
        char *header;
        if (!r->domain)
                r->domain = ccs_current_domain();
        switch (r->mode) {
                char *buffer;
                struct ccs_condition *cond;
        case CCS_CONFIG_LEARNING:
                if (!ccs_domain_quota_ok(r))
                        return 0;
                va_start(args, fmt);
                len = vsnprintf((char *) &pos, sizeof(pos) - 1, fmt, args) + 4;
                va_end(args);
                buffer = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!buffer)
                        return 0;
                va_start(args, fmt);
                vsnprintf(buffer, len - 1, fmt, args);
                va_end(args);
                ccs_normalize_line(buffer);
                if (r->ee && !strncmp(buffer, "allow_execute ", 14))
                        cond = ccs_get_execute_condition(r->ee);
                else if (r->obj && r->obj->symlink_target)
                        cond = ccs_get_symlink_condition(r);
                else if ((current->ccs_flags & CCS_TASK_IS_EXECUTE_HANDLER)) {
                        char str[] = "if task.type=execute_handler";
                        cond = ccs_get_condition(str);
                } else
                        cond = NULL;
                ccs_write_domain_policy2(buffer, r->domain, cond, false);
                ccs_put_condition(cond);
                kfree(buffer);
                /* fall through */
        case CCS_CONFIG_PERMISSIVE:
                return 0;
        }
        if (!atomic_read(&ccs_query_observers)) {
                int i;
                if (current->ccs_flags & CCS_DONT_SLEEP_ON_ENFORCE_ERROR)
                        return -EPERM;
                for (i = 0; i < ccs_profile(r->domain->profile)->enforcing->
                             enforcing_penalty; i++) {
                        set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                        schedule_timeout(HZ / 10);
                }
                return -EPERM;
        }
        va_start(args, fmt);
        len = vsnprintf((char *) &pos, sizeof(pos) - 1, fmt, args) + 32;
        va_end(args);
        header = ccs_init_audit_log(&len, r);
        if (!header)
                goto out;
        ccs_query_entry = kzalloc(sizeof(*ccs_query_entry), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ccs_query_entry)
                goto out;
        len = ccs_round2(len);
        ccs_query_entry->query = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ccs_query_entry->query)
                goto out;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ccs_query_entry->list);
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        if (ccs_quota_for_query && ccs_query_memory_size + len +
            sizeof(*ccs_query_entry) >= ccs_quota_for_query) {
                quota_exceeded = true;
        } else {
                ccs_query_memory_size += len + sizeof(*ccs_query_entry);
                ccs_query_entry->serial = ccs_serial++;
        }
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        if (quota_exceeded)
                goto out;
        pos = snprintf(ccs_query_entry->query, len - 1, "Q%u-%hu\n%s",
                       ccs_query_entry->serial, r->retry, header);
        kfree(header);
        header = NULL;
        va_start(args, fmt);
        vsnprintf(ccs_query_entry->query + pos, len - 1 - pos, fmt, args);
        ccs_query_entry->query_len = strlen(ccs_query_entry->query) + 1;
        va_end(args);
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        list_add_tail(&ccs_query_entry->list, &ccs_query_list);
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        /* Give 10 seconds for supervisor's opinion. */
        for (ccs_query_entry->timer = 0;
             atomic_read(&ccs_query_observers) && ccs_query_entry->timer < 100;
             ccs_query_entry->timer++) {
                wake_up(&ccs_query_wait);
                set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                schedule_timeout(HZ / 10);
                if (ccs_query_entry->answer)
                        break;
        }
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        list_del(&ccs_query_entry->list);
        ccs_query_memory_size -= len + sizeof(*ccs_query_entry);
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        switch (ccs_query_entry->answer) {
        case 3: /* Asked to retry by administrator. */
                error = 1;
                r->retry++;
                break;
        case 1:
                /* Granted by administrator. */
                error = 0;
                break;
        case 0:
                /* Timed out. */
                break;
        default:
                /* Rejected by administrator. */
                break;
        }
 out:
        if (ccs_query_entry)
                kfree(ccs_query_entry->query);
        kfree(ccs_query_entry);
        kfree(header);
        return error;
}

/**
 * ccs_poll_query - poll() for /proc/ccs/query.
 *
 * @file: Pointer to "struct file".
 * @wait: Pointer to "poll_table".
 *
 * Returns POLLIN | POLLRDNORM when ready to read, 0 otherwise.
 *
 * Waits for access requests which violated policy in enforcing mode.
 */
static int ccs_poll_query(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
        struct list_head *tmp;
        bool found = false;
        u8 i;
        for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
                list_for_each(tmp, &ccs_query_list) {
                        struct ccs_query_entry *ptr
                                = list_entry(tmp, struct ccs_query_entry, list);
                        if (ptr->answer)
                                continue;
                        found = true;
                        break;
                }
                spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
                if (found)
                        return POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
                if (i)
                        break;
                poll_wait(file, &ccs_query_wait, wait);
        }
        return 0;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_query - Read access requests which violated policy in enforcing mode.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 */
static void ccs_read_query(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        struct list_head *tmp;
        int pos = 0;
        int len = 0;
        char *buf;
        if (head->read_avail)
                return;
        if (head->read_buf) {
                kfree(head->read_buf);
                head->read_buf = NULL;
                head->readbuf_size = 0;
        }
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        list_for_each(tmp, &ccs_query_list) {
                struct ccs_query_entry *ptr
                        = list_entry(tmp, struct ccs_query_entry, list);
                if (ptr->answer)
                        continue;
                if (pos++ != head->read_step)
                        continue;
                len = ptr->query_len;
                break;
        }
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        if (!len) {
                head->read_step = 0;
                return;
        }
        buf = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!buf)
                return;
        pos = 0;
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        list_for_each(tmp, &ccs_query_list) {
                struct ccs_query_entry *ptr
                        = list_entry(tmp, struct ccs_query_entry, list);
                if (ptr->answer)
                        continue;
                if (pos++ != head->read_step)
                        continue;
                /*
                 * Some query can be skipped because ccs_query_list
                 * can change, but I don't care.
                 */
                if (len == ptr->query_len)
                        memmove(buf, ptr->query, len);
                break;
        }
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        if (buf[0]) {
                head->read_avail = len;
                head->readbuf_size = head->read_avail;
                head->read_buf = buf;
                head->read_step++;
        } else {
                kfree(buf);
        }
}

/**
 * ccs_write_answer - Write the supervisor's decision.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -EINVAL otherwise.
 */
static int ccs_write_answer(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        char *data = head->write_buf;
        struct list_head *tmp;
        unsigned int serial;
        unsigned int answer;
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        list_for_each(tmp, &ccs_query_list) {
                struct ccs_query_entry *ptr
                        = list_entry(tmp, struct ccs_query_entry, list);
                ptr->timer = 0;
        }
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        if (sscanf(data, "A%u=%u", &serial, &answer) != 2)
                return -EINVAL;
        spin_lock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        list_for_each(tmp, &ccs_query_list) {
                struct ccs_query_entry *ptr
                        = list_entry(tmp, struct ccs_query_entry, list);
                if (ptr->serial != serial)
                        continue;
                if (!ptr->answer)
                        ptr->answer = answer;
                break;
        }
        spin_unlock(&ccs_query_list_lock);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_version: Get version.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 */
static void ccs_read_version(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        ccs_io_printf(head, "1.7.1-pre");
        head->read_eof = true;
}

/**
 * ccs_read_self_domain - Get the current process's domainname.
 *
 * @head: Pointer to "struct ccs_io_buffer".
 */
static void ccs_read_self_domain(struct ccs_io_buffer *head)
{
        if (head->read_eof)
                return;
        /*
         * ccs_current_domain()->domainname != NULL because every process
         * belongs to a domain and the domain's name cannot be NULL.
         */
        ccs_io_printf(head, "%s", ccs_current_domain()->domainname->name);
        head->read_eof = true;
}

/**
 * ccs_open_control - open() for /proc/ccs/ interface.
 *
 * @type: Type of interface.
 * @file: Pointer to "struct file".
 *
 * Associates policy handler and returns 0 on success, -ENOMEM otherwise.
 */
int ccs_open_control(const u8 type, struct file *file)
{
        struct ccs_io_buffer *head = kzalloc(sizeof(*head), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!head)
                return -ENOMEM;
        mutex_init(&head->io_sem);
        head->type = type;
        switch (type) {
        case CCS_DOMAINPOLICY: /* /proc/ccs/domain_policy */
                head->write = ccs_write_domain_policy;
                head->read = ccs_read_domain_policy;
                break;
        case CCS_EXCEPTIONPOLICY: /* /proc/ccs/exception_policy */
                head->write = ccs_write_exception_policy;
                head->read = ccs_read_exception_policy;
                break;
#ifdef CONFIG_CCSECURITY_AUDIT
        case CCS_GRANTLOG: /* /proc/ccs/grant_log */
                head->poll = ccs_poll_grant_log;
                head->read = ccs_read_grant_log;
                break;
        case CCS_REJECTLOG: /* /proc/ccs/reject_log */
                head->poll = ccs_poll_reject_log;
                head->read = ccs_read_reject_log;
                break;
#endif
        case CCS_SELFDOMAIN: /* /proc/ccs/self_domain */
                head->read = ccs_read_self_domain;
                break;
        case CCS_DOMAIN_STATUS: /* /proc/ccs/.domain_status */
                head->write = ccs_write_domain_profile;
                head->read = ccs_read_domain_profile;
                break;
        case CCS_EXECUTE_HANDLER: /* /proc/ccs/.execute_handler */
                /* Allow execute_handler to read process's status. */
                if (!(current->ccs_flags & CCS_TASK_IS_EXECUTE_HANDLER)) {
                        kfree(head);
                        return -EPERM;
                }
                /* fall through */
        case CCS_PROCESS_STATUS: /* /proc/ccs/.process_status */
                head->write = ccs_write_pid;
                head->read = ccs_read_pid;
                break;
        case CCS_VERSION: /* /proc/ccs/version */
                head->read = ccs_read_version;
                head->readbuf_size = 128;
                break;
        case CCS_MEMINFO: /* /proc/ccs/meminfo */
                head->write = ccs_write_memory_quota;
                head->read = ccs_read_memory_counter;
                head->readbuf_size = 512;
                break;
        case CCS_PROFILE: /* /proc/ccs/profile */
                head->write = ccs_write_profile;
                head->read = ccs_read_profile;
                break;
        case CCS_QUERY: /* /proc/ccs/query */
                head->poll = ccs_poll_query;
                head->write = ccs_write_answer;
                head->read = ccs_read_query;
                break;
        case CCS_MANAGER: /* /proc/ccs/manager */
                head->write = ccs_write_manager_policy;
                head->read = ccs_read_manager_policy;
                break;
        }
        if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ)) {
                /*
                 * No need to allocate read_buf since it is not opened
                 * for reading.
                 */
                head->read = NULL;
                head->poll = NULL;
        } else if (!head->poll) {
                /* Don't allocate read_buf for poll() access. */
                if (!head->readbuf_size)
                        head->readbuf_size = 4096;
                head->read_buf = kzalloc(head->readbuf_size, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!head->read_buf) {
                        kfree(head);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }
        }
        if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)) {
                /*
                 * No need to allocate write_buf since it is not opened
                 * for writing.
                 */
                head->write = NULL;
        } else if (head->write) {
                head->writebuf_size = 4096;
                head->write_buf = kzalloc(head->writebuf_size, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!head->write_buf) {
                        kfree(head->read_buf);
                        kfree(head);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }
        }
        if (type != CCS_QUERY &&
            type != CCS_GRANTLOG && type != CCS_REJECTLOG)
                head->reader_idx = ccs_read_lock();
        file->private_data = head;
        /*
         * Call the handler now if the file is /proc/ccs/self_domain
         * so that the user can use "cat < /proc/ccs/self_domain" to
         * know the current process's domainname.
         */
        if (type == CCS_SELFDOMAIN)
                ccs_read_control(file, NULL, 0);
        /*
         * If the file is /proc/ccs/query , increment the observer counter.
         * The obserber counter is used by ccs_supervisor() to see if
         * there is some process monitoring /proc/ccs/query.
         */
        else if (type == CCS_QUERY)
                atomic_inc(&ccs_query_observers);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * ccs_poll_control - poll() for /proc/ccs/ interface.
 *
 * @file: Pointer to "struct file".
 * @wait: Pointer to "poll_table".
 *
 * Waits for read readiness.
 * /proc/ccs/query is handled by /usr/sbin/ccs-queryd and
 * /proc/ccs/grant_log and /proc/ccs/reject_log are handled by
 * /usr/sbin/ccs-auditd .
 */
int ccs_poll_control(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
        struct ccs_io_buffer *head = file->private_data;
        if (!head->poll)
                return -ENOSYS;
        return head->poll(file, wait);
}

/**
 * ccs_read_control - read() for /proc/ccs/ interface.
 *
 * @file:       Pointer to "struct file".
 * @buffer:     Poiner to buffer to write to.
 * @buffer_len: Size of @buffer.
 *
 * Returns bytes read on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
int ccs_read_control(struct file *file, char __user *buffer,
                     const int buffer_len)
{
        int len = 0;
        struct ccs_io_buffer *head = file->private_data;
        char *cp;
        if (!head->read)
                return -ENOSYS;
        if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, buffer, buffer_len))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&head->io_sem))
                return -EINTR;
        while (1) {
                /* Call the policy handler. */
                head->read(head);
                /* Write to buffer. */
                len = head->read_avail;
                if (len || head->poll || head->read_eof)
                        break;
                len = head->readbuf_size * 2;
                cp = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!cp) {
                        len = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out;
                }
                kfree(head->read_buf);
                head->read_buf = cp;
                head->readbuf_size = len;
        }
        if (len > buffer_len)
                len = buffer_len;
        if (!len)
                goto out;
        /* head->read_buf changes by some functions. */
        cp = head->read_buf;
        if (copy_to_user(buffer, cp, len)) {
                len = -EFAULT;
                goto out;
        }
        head->read_avail -= len;
        memmove(cp, cp + len, head->read_avail);
 out:
        mutex_unlock(&head->io_sem);
        return len;
}

/**
 * ccs_write_control - write() for /proc/ccs/ interface.
 *
 * @file:       Pointer to "struct file".
 * @buffer:     Pointer to buffer to read from.
 * @buffer_len: Size of @buffer.
 *
 * Returns @buffer_len on success, negative value otherwise.
 */
int ccs_write_control(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
                      const int buffer_len)
{
        struct ccs_io_buffer *head = file->private_data;
        int error = buffer_len;
        int avail_len = buffer_len;
        char *cp0 = head->write_buf;
        if (!head->write)
                return -ENOSYS;
        if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, buffer, buffer_len))
                return -EFAULT;
        /* Don't allow updating policies by non manager programs. */
        if (head->write != ccs_write_pid &&
            head->write != ccs_write_domain_policy &&
            !ccs_is_policy_manager())
                return -EPERM;
        if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&head->io_sem))
                return -EINTR;
        /* Read a line and dispatch it to the policy handler. */
        while (avail_len > 0) {
                char c;
                if (head->write_avail >= head->writebuf_size - 1) {
                        const int len = head->writebuf_size * 2;
                        char *cp = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
                        if (!cp) {
                                error = -ENOMEM;
                                break;
                        }
                        memmove(cp, cp0, head->write_avail);
                        kfree(cp0);
                        head->write_buf = cp;
                        cp0 = cp;
                        head->writebuf_size = len;
                }
                if (get_user(c, buffer)) {
                        error = -EFAULT;
                        break;
                }
                buffer++;
                avail_len--;
                cp0[head->write_avail++] = c;
                if (c != '\n')
                        continue;
                cp0[head->write_avail - 1] = '\0';
                head->write_avail = 0;
                ccs_normalize_line(cp0);
                head->write(head);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&head->io_sem);
        return error;
}

/**
 * ccs_close_control - close() for /proc/ccs/ interface.
 *
 * @file: Pointer to "struct file".
 *
 * Releases memory and returns 0.
 */
int ccs_close_control(struct file *file)
{
        struct ccs_io_buffer *head = file->private_data;
        const bool is_write = head->write_buf != NULL;
        const u8 type = head->type;
        /*
         * If the file is /proc/ccs/query , decrement the observer counter.
         */
        if (type == CCS_QUERY)
                atomic_dec(&ccs_query_observers);
        if (type != CCS_QUERY &&
            type != CCS_GRANTLOG && type != CCS_REJECTLOG)
                ccs_read_unlock(head->reader_idx);
        /* Release memory used for policy I/O. */
        kfree(head->read_buf);
        head->read_buf = NULL;
        kfree(head->write_buf);
        head->write_buf = NULL;
        kfree(head);
        head = NULL;
        file->private_data = NULL;
        if (is_write)
                ccs_run_gc();
        return 0;
}